aioredis

asyncio (PEP 3156) Redis client library.

The library is intended to provide simple and clear interface to Redis based on asyncio.

Features

hiredis parser

Yes

Pure-python parser

Yes

Low-level & High-level APIs

Yes

Connections Pool

Yes

Pipelining support

Yes

Pub/Sub support

Yes

Sentinel support

Yes

Redis Cluster support

WIP

Trollius (python 2.7)

No

Tested CPython versions

3.5.3, 3.6, 3.7 1

Tested PyPy3 versions

pypy3.5-7.0 pypy3.6-7.1.1

Tested for Redis server

2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0 5.0

Support for dev Redis server

through low-level API
1

For Python 3.3, 3.4 support use aioredis v0.3.

Installation

The easiest way to install aioredis is by using the package on PyPi:

pip install aioredis

Requirements

Benchmarks

Benchmarks can be found here: https://github.com/popravich/python-redis-benchmark

Contribute

Feel free to file an issue or make pull request if you find any bugs or have some suggestions for library improvement.

License

The aioredis is offered under MIT license.

Contents

Getting started

Installation

$ pip install aioredis

This will install aioredis along with its dependencies:

  • hiredis protocol parser;

  • async-timeout — used in Sentinel client.

Without dependencies

In some cases 1 you might need to install aioredis without hiredis, it is achievable with the following command:

$ pip install --no-deps aioredis async-timeout

Installing latest version from Git

$ pip install git+https://github.com/aio-libs/aioredis@master#egg=aioredis

Connecting

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool('redis://localhost')
    await redis.set('my-key', 'value')
    value = await redis.get('my-key', encoding='utf-8')
    print(value)

    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()

asyncio.run(main())

aioredis.create_redis_pool() creates a Redis client backed by a pool of connections. The only required argument is the address of Redis server. Redis server address can be either host and port tuple (ex: ('localhost', 6379)), or a string which will be parsed into TCP or UNIX socket address (ex: 'unix://var/run/redis.sock', '//var/run/redis.sock', redis://redis-host-or-ip:6379/1).

Closing the client. Calling redis.close() and then redis.wait_closed() is strongly encouraged as this will methods will shutdown all open connections and cleanup resources.

See the commands reference for the full list of supported commands.

Connecting to specific DB

There are several ways you can specify database index to select on connection:

  1. explicitly pass db index as db argument:

    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
 'redis://localhost', db=1)

  2. pass db index in URI as path component:

    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    'redis://localhost/2')

    Note

    DB index specified in URI will take precedence over db keyword argument.

  3. call select() method:

    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    'redis://localhost/')
await redis.select(3)

Connecting to password-protected Redis instance

The password can be specified either in keyword argument or in address URI:

redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    'redis://localhost', password='sEcRet')

redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    'redis://:sEcRet@localhost/')

redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    'redis://localhost/?password=sEcRet')

Note

Password specified in URI will take precedence over password keyword.

Also specifying both password as authentication component and query parameter in URI is forbidden.

# This will cause assertion error
await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    'redis://:sEcRet@localhost/?password=SeCreT')

Result messages decoding

By default aioredis will return bytes for most Redis commands that return string replies. Redis error replies are known to be valid UTF-8 strings so error messages are decoded automatically.

If you know that data in Redis is valid string you can tell aioredis to decode result by passing keyword-only argument encoding in a command call:

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool('redis://localhost')
    await redis.set('key', 'string-value')
    bin_value = await redis.get('key')
    assert bin_value == b'string-value'

    str_value = await redis.get('key', encoding='utf-8')
    assert str_value == 'string-value'

    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()

asyncio.run(main())

aioredis can decode messages for all Redis data types like lists, hashes, sorted sets, etc:

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool('redis://localhost')

    await redis.hmset_dict('hash',
                           key1='value1',
                           key2='value2',
                           key3=123)

    result = await redis.hgetall('hash', encoding='utf-8')
    assert result == {
        'key1': 'value1',
        'key2': 'value2',
        'key3': '123',  # note that Redis returns int as string
    }

    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()

asyncio.run(main())

Multi/Exec transactions

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool('redis://localhost')

    tr = redis.multi_exec()
    tr.set('key1', 'value1')
    tr.set('key2', 'value2')
    ok1, ok2 = await tr.execute()
    assert ok1
    assert ok2

asyncio.run(main())

multi_exec() method creates and returns new MultiExec object which is used for buffering commands and then executing them inside MULTI/EXEC block.

Warning

It is very important not to await buffered command (ie tr.set('foo', '123')) as it will block forever.

The following code will block forever:

tr = redis.multi_exec()
await tr.incr('foo')   # that's all. we've stuck!

Pub/Sub mode

aioredis provides support for Redis Publish/Subscribe messaging.

To start listening for messages you must call either subscribe() or psubscribe() method. Both methods return list of Channel objects representing subscribed channels.

Right after that the channel will receive and store messages (the Channel object is basically a wrapper around asyncio.Queue). To read messages from channel you need to use get() or get_json() coroutines.

Example subscribing and reading channels:

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool('redis://localhost')

    ch1, ch2 = await redis.subscribe('channel:1', 'channel:2')
    assert isinstance(ch1, aioredis.Channel)
    assert isinstance(ch2, aioredis.Channel)

    async def reader(channel):
        async for message in channel.iter():
            print("Got message:", message)
    asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(reader(ch1))
    asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(reader(ch2))

    await redis.publish('channel:1', 'Hello')
    await redis.publish('channel:2', 'World')

    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()

asyncio.run(main())

Subscribing and reading patterns:

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool('redis://localhost')

    ch, = await redis.psubscribe('channel:*')
    assert isinstance(ch, aioredis.Channel)

    async def reader(channel):
        async for ch, message in channel.iter():
            print("Got message in channel:", ch, ":", message)
    asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(reader(ch))

    await redis.publish('channel:1', 'Hello')
    await redis.publish('channel:2', 'World')

    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()

asyncio.run(main())

Sentinel client

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    sentinel = await aioredis.create_sentinel(
        ['redis://localhost:26379', 'redis://sentinel2:26379'])
    redis = sentinel.master_for('mymaster')

    ok = await redis.set('key', 'value')
    assert ok
    val = await redis.get('key', encoding='utf-8')
    assert val == 'value'

asyncio.run(main())

Sentinel client requires a list of Redis Sentinel addresses to connect to and start discovering services.

Calling master_for() or slave_for() methods will return Redis clients connected to specified services monitored by Sentinel.

Sentinel client will detect failover and reconnect Redis clients automatically.

See detailed reference here

1

Celery hiredis issues (#197, #317)

aioredis — API Reference

Connection

Redis Connection is the core function of the library. Connection instances can be used as is or through pool or high-level API.

Connection usage is as simple as:

import asyncio
import aioredis

async def connect_uri():
    conn = await aioredis.create_connection(
        'redis://localhost/0')
    val = await conn.execute('GET', 'my-key')

async def connect_tcp():
    conn = await aioredis.create_connection(
        ('localhost', 6379))
    val = await conn.execute('GET', 'my-key')

async def connect_unixsocket():
    conn = await aioredis.create_connection(
        '/path/to/redis/socket')
    # or uri 'unix:///path/to/redis/socket?db=1'
    val = await conn.execute('GET', 'my-key')

asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(connect_tcp())
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(connect_unixsocket())
coroutine aioredis.create_connection(address, *, db=0, password=None, ssl=None, encoding=None, parser=None, loop=None, timeout=None, connection_cls=None)

Creates Redis connection.

Changed in version v0.3.1: timeout argument added.

Changed in version v1.0: parser argument added.

Parameters

  • address (tuple or str) –

    An address where to connect. Can be one of the following:

    • a Redis URI — "redis://host:6379/0?encoding=utf-8"; "redis://:password@host:6379/0?encoding=utf-8";

    • a (host, port) tuple — ('localhost', 6379);

    • or a unix domain socket path string — "/path/to/redis.sock".

  • db (int) – Redis database index to switch to when connected.

  • password (str or None) – Password to use if redis server instance requires authorization.

  • ssl (ssl.SSLContext or True or None) – SSL context that is passed through to asyncio.BaseEventLoop.create_connection().

  • encoding (str or None) – Codec to use for response decoding.

  • parser (callable or None) – Protocol parser class. Can be used to set custom protocol reader; expected same interface as hiredis.Reader.

  • loop (EventLoop) – An optional event loop instance (uses asyncio.get_event_loop() if not specified).

  • timeout (float greater than 0 or None) – Max time to open a connection, otherwise raise asyncio.TimeoutError exception. None by default

  • connection_cls (abc.AbcConnection or None) – Custom connection class. None by default.

Returns

RedisConnection instance.

class aioredis.RedisConnection

Bases: abc.AbcConnection

Redis connection interface.

address

Redis server address; either IP-port tuple or unix socket str (read-only). IP is either IPv4 or IPv6 depending on resolved host part in initial address.

New in version v0.2.8.

db

Current database index (read-only).

encoding

Current codec for response decoding (read-only).

closed

Set to True if connection is closed (read-only).

in_transaction

Set to True when MULTI command was issued (read-only).

pubsub_channels

Read-only dict with subscribed channels. Keys are bytes, values are Channel instances.

pubsub_patterns

Read-only dict with subscribed patterns. Keys are bytes, values are Channel instances.

in_pubsub

Indicates that connection is in PUB/SUB mode. Provides the number of subscribed channels. Read-only.

execute(command, *args, encoding=_NOTSET)

Execute Redis command.

The method is not a coroutine itself but instead it writes to underlying transport and returns a asyncio.Future waiting for result.

Parameters

  • command (str, bytes, bytearray) – Command to execute

  • encoding (str or None) – Keyword-only argument for overriding response decoding. By default will use connection-wide encoding. May be set to None to skip response decoding.

Raises
Returns

Returns bytes or int reply (or str if encoding was set)

execute_pubsub(command, *channels_or_patterns)

Method to execute Pub/Sub commands. The method is not a coroutine itself but returns a asyncio.gather() coroutine. Method also accept aioredis.Channel instances as command arguments:

>>> ch1 = Channel('A', is_pattern=False, loop=loop)
>>> await conn.execute_pubsub('subscribe', ch1)
[[b'subscribe', b'A', 1]]

Changed in version v0.3: The method accept Channel instances.

Parameters

  • command (str, bytes, bytearray) – One of the following Pub/Sub commands: subscribe, unsubscribe, psubscribe, punsubscribe.

  • *channels_or_patterns – Channels or patterns to subscribe connection to or unsubscribe from. At least one channel/pattern is required.

Returns

Returns a list of subscribe/unsubscribe messages, ex:

>>> await conn.execute_pubsub('subscribe', 'A', 'B')
[[b'subscribe', b'A', 1], [b'subscribe', b'B', 2]]

close()

Closes connection.

Mark connection as closed and schedule cleanup procedure.

All pending commands will be canceled with ConnectionForcedCloseError.

wait_closed()

Coroutine waiting for connection to get closed.

select(db)

Changes current db index to new one.

Parameters

db (int) – New redis database index.

Raises
Return True

Always returns True or raises exception.

auth(password)

Send AUTH command.

Parameters

password (str) – Plain-text password

Return bool

True if redis replied with ‘OK’.

Connections Pool

The library provides connections pool. The basic usage is as follows:

import aioredis

async def sample_pool():
    pool = await aioredis.create_pool('redis://localhost')
    val = await pool.execute('get', 'my-key')
aioredis.create_pool(address, *, db=0, password=None, ssl=None, encoding=None, minsize=1, maxsize=10, parser=None, loop=None, create_connection_timeout=None, pool_cls=None, connection_cls=None)

A coroutine that instantiates a pool of RedisConnection.

Changed in version v0.2.7: minsize default value changed from 10 to 1.

Changed in version v0.2.8: Disallow arbitrary ConnectionsPool maxsize.

Deprecated since version v0.2.9: commands_factory argument is deprecated and will be removed in v1.0.

Changed in version v0.3.2: create_connection_timeout argument added.

New in version v1.0: parser, pool_cls and connection_cls arguments added.

Parameters

  • address (tuple or str) –

    An address where to connect. Can be one of the following:

    • a Redis URI — "redis://host:6379/0?encoding=utf-8";

    • a (host, port) tuple — ('localhost', 6379);

    • or a unix domain socket path string — "/path/to/redis.sock".

  • db (int) – Redis database index to switch to when connected.

  • password (str or None) – Password to use if redis server instance requires authorization.

  • ssl (ssl.SSLContext or True or None) – SSL context that is passed through to asyncio.BaseEventLoop.create_connection().

  • encoding (str or None) – Codec to use for response decoding.

  • minsize (int) – Minimum number of free connection to create in pool. 1 by default.

  • maxsize (int) – Maximum number of connection to keep in pool. 10 by default. Must be greater than 0. None is disallowed.

  • parser (callable or None) – Protocol parser class. Can be used to set custom protocol reader; expected same interface as hiredis.Reader.

  • loop (EventLoop) – An optional event loop instance (uses asyncio.get_event_loop() if not specified).

  • create_connection_timeout (float greater than 0 or None) – Max time to open a connection, otherwise raise an asyncio.TimeoutError. None by default.

  • pool_cls (aioredis.abc.AbcPool) – Can be used to instantiate custom pool class. This argument must be a subclass of AbcPool.

  • connection_cls (aioredis.abc.AbcConnection) – Can be used to make pool instantiate custom connection classes. This argument must be a subclass of AbcConnection.

Returns

ConnectionsPool instance.

class aioredis.ConnectionsPool

Bases: abc.AbcPool

Redis connections pool.

minsize

A minimum size of the pool (read-only).

maxsize

A maximum size of the pool (read-only).

size

Current pool size — number of free and used connections (read-only).

freesize

Current number of free connections (read-only).

db

Currently selected db index (read-only).

encoding

Current codec for response decoding (read-only).

closed

True if pool is closed.

New in version v0.2.8.

execute(command, *args, **kwargs)

Execute Redis command in a free connection and return asyncio.Future waiting for result.

This method tries to pick a free connection from pool and send command through it at once (keeping pipelining feature provided by aioredis.RedisConnection.execute()). If no connection is found — returns coroutine waiting for free connection to execute command.

New in version v1.0.

execute_pubsub(command, *channels)

Execute Redis (p)subscribe/(p)unsubscribe command.

ConnectionsPool picks separate free connection for pub/sub and uses it until pool is closed or connection is disconnected (unsubscribing from all channels/pattern will leave connection locked for pub/sub use).

There is no auto-reconnect for Pub/Sub connection as this will hide from user messages loss.

Has similar to execute() behavior, ie: tries to pick free connection from pool and switch it to pub/sub mode; or fallback to coroutine waiting for free connection and repeating operation.

New in version v1.0.

get_connection(command, args=())

Gets free connection from pool returning tuple of (connection, address).

If no free connection is found – None is returned in place of connection.

Return type

tuple(RedisConnection or None, str)

New in version v1.0.

coroutine clear()

Closes and removes all free connections in the pool.

coroutine select(db)

Changes db index for all free connections in the pool.

Parameters

db (int) – New database index.

coroutine acquire(command=None, args=())

Acquires a connection from free pool. Creates new connection if needed.

Parameters

  • command – reserved for future.

  • args – reserved for future.

Raises

aioredis.PoolClosedError – if pool is already closed

release(conn)

Returns used connection back into pool.

When returned connection has db index that differs from one in pool the connection will be dropped. When queue of free connections is full the connection will be dropped.

Note

This method is not a coroutine.

Parameters

conn (aioredis.RedisConnection) – A RedisConnection instance.

close()

Close all free and in-progress connections and mark pool as closed.

New in version v0.2.8.

coroutine wait_closed()

Wait until pool gets closed (when all connections are closed).

New in version v0.2.8.

Exceptions

exception aioredis.RedisError
Bases

Exception

Base exception class for aioredis exceptions.

exception aioredis.ProtocolError
Bases

RedisError

Raised when protocol error occurs. When this type of exception is raised connection must be considered broken and must be closed.

exception aioredis.ReplyError
Bases

RedisError

Raised for Redis error replies.

exception aioredis.MaxClientsError
Bases

ReplyError

Raised when maximum number of clients has been reached (Redis server configured value).

exception aioredis.AuthError
Bases

ReplyError

Raised when authentication errors occur.

exception aioredis.ConnectionClosedError
Bases

RedisError

Raised if connection to server was lost/closed.

exception aioredis.ConnectionForcedCloseError
Bases

ConnectionClosedError

Raised if connection was closed with RedisConnection.close() method.

exception aioredis.PipelineError
Bases

RedisError

Raised from pipeline() if any pipelined command raised error.

exception aioredis.MultiExecError
Bases

PipelineError

Same as PipelineError but raised when executing multi_exec block.

exception aioredis.WatchVariableError
Bases

MultiExecError

Raised if watched variable changed (EXEC returns None). Subclass of MultiExecError.

exception aioredis.ChannelClosedError
Bases

RedisError

Raised from aioredis.Channel.get() when Pub/Sub channel is unsubscribed and messages queue is empty.

exception aioredis.PoolClosedError
Bases

RedisError

Raised from aioredis.ConnectionsPool.acquire() when pool is already closed.

exception aioredis.ReadOnlyError
Bases

RedisError

Raised from slave when read-only mode is enabled.

exception aioredis.MasterNotFoundError
Bases

RedisError

Raised by Sentinel client if it can not find requested master.

exception aioredis.SlaveNotFoundError
Bases

RedisError

Raised by Sentinel client if it can not find requested slave.

exception aioredis.MasterReplyError
Bases

RedisError

Raised if establishing connection to master failed with RedisError, for instance because of required or wrong authentication.

exception aioredis.SlaveReplyError
Bases

RedisError

Raised if establishing connection to slave failed with RedisError, for instance because of required or wrong authentication.

Exceptions Hierarchy

Exception
   RedisError
      ProtocolError
      ReplyError
         MaxClientsError
         AuthError
      PipelineError
         MultiExecError
            WatchVariableError
      ChannelClosedError
      ConnectionClosedError
         ConnectionForcedCloseError
      PoolClosedError
      ReadOnlyError
      MasterNotFoundError
      SlaveNotFoundError
      MasterReplyError
      SlaveReplyError

Pub/Sub Channel object

Channel object is a wrapper around queue for storing received pub/sub messages.

class aioredis.Channel(name, is_pattern, loop=None)

Bases: abc.AbcChannel

Object representing Pub/Sub messages queue. It’s basically a wrapper around asyncio.Queue.

name

Holds encoded channel/pattern name.

is_pattern

Set to True for pattern channels.

is_active

Set to True if there are messages in queue and connection is still subscribed to this channel.

coroutine get(*, encoding=None, decoder=None)

Coroutine that waits for and returns a message.

Return value is message received or None signifying that channel has been unsubscribed and no more messages will be received.

Parameters

  • encoding (str) – If not None used to decode resulting bytes message.

  • decoder (callable) – If specified used to decode message, ex. json.loads()

Raises

aioredis.ChannelClosedError – If channel is unsubscribed and has no more messages.

get_json(*, encoding="utf-8")

Shortcut to get(encoding="utf-8", decoder=json.loads)

coroutine wait_message()

Waits for message to become available in channel or channel is closed (unsubscribed).

Main idea is to use it in loops:

>>> ch = redis.channels['channel:1']
>>> while await ch.wait_message():
...     msg = await ch.get()
Return type

bool

coroutine async-for iter(*, encoding=None, decoder=None)

Same as get() method but it is a native coroutine.

Usage example:

>>> async for msg in ch.iter():
...     print(msg)

New in version 0.2.5: Available for Python 3.5 only

Commands Interface

The library provides high-level API implementing simple interface to Redis commands.

The usage is as simple as:

import aioredis

# Create Redis client bound to single non-reconnecting connection.
async def single_connection():
   redis = await aioredis.create_redis(
      'redis://localhost')
   val = await redis.get('my-key')

# Create Redis client bound to connections pool.
async def pool_of_connections():
   redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
      'redis://localhost')
   val = await redis.get('my-key')

   # we can also use pub/sub as underlying pool
   #  has several free connections:
   ch1, ch2 = await redis.subscribe('chan:1', 'chan:2')
   # publish using free connection
   await redis.publish('chan:1', 'Hello')
   await ch1.get()

For commands reference — see commands mixins reference.

coroutine aioredis.create_redis(address, *, db=0, password=None, ssl=None, encoding=None, commands_factory=Redis, parser=None, timeout=None, connection_cls=None, loop=None)

This coroutine creates high-level Redis interface instance bound to single Redis connection (without auto-reconnect).

New in version v1.0: parser, timeout and connection_cls arguments added.

See also RedisConnection for parameters description.

Parameters

  • address (tuple or str) – An address where to connect. Can be a (host, port) tuple, unix domain socket path string or a Redis URI string.

  • db (int) – Redis database index to switch to when connected.

  • password (str or bytes or None) – Password to use if Redis server instance requires authorization.

  • ssl (ssl.SSLContext or True or None) – SSL context that is passed through to asyncio.BaseEventLoop.create_connection().

  • encoding (str or None) – Codec to use for response decoding.

  • commands_factory (callable) – A factory accepting single parameter – object implementing AbcConnection and returning an instance providing high-level interface to Redis. Redis by default.

  • parser (callable or None) – Protocol parser class. Can be used to set custom protocol reader; expected same interface as hiredis.Reader.

  • timeout (float greater than 0 or None) – Max time to open a connection, otherwise raise asyncio.TimeoutError exception. None by default

  • connection_cls (aioredis.abc.AbcConnection) – Can be used to instantiate custom connection class. This argument must be a subclass of AbcConnection.

  • loop (EventLoop) – An optional event loop instance (uses asyncio.get_event_loop() if not specified).

Returns

Redis client (result of commands_factory call), Redis by default.

coroutine aioredis.create_redis_pool(address, *, db=0, password=None, ssl=None, encoding=None, commands_factory=Redis, minsize=1, maxsize=10, parser=None, timeout=None, pool_cls=None, connection_cls=None, loop=None)

This coroutine create high-level Redis client instance bound to connections pool (this allows auto-reconnect and simple pub/sub use).

See also ConnectionsPool for parameters description.

Changed in version v1.0: parser, timeout, pool_cls and connection_cls arguments added.

Parameters

  • address (tuple or str) – An address where to connect. Can be a (host, port) tuple, unix domain socket path string or a Redis URI string.

  • db (int) – Redis database index to switch to when connected.

  • password (str or bytes or None) – Password to use if Redis server instance requires authorization.

  • ssl (ssl.SSLContext or True or None) – SSL context that is passed through to asyncio.BaseEventLoop.create_connection().

  • encoding (str or None) – Codec to use for response decoding.

  • commands_factory (callable) – A factory accepting single parameter – object implementing AbcConnection interface and returning an instance providing high-level interface to Redis. Redis by default.

  • minsize (int) – Minimum number of connections to initialize and keep in pool. Default is 1.

  • maxsize (int) – Maximum number of connections that can be created in pool. Default is 10.

  • parser (callable or None) – Protocol parser class. Can be used to set custom protocol reader; expected same interface as hiredis.Reader.

  • timeout (float greater than 0 or None) – Max time to open a connection, otherwise raise asyncio.TimeoutError exception. None by default

  • pool_cls (aioredis.abc.AbcPool) – Can be used to instantiate custom pool class. This argument must be a subclass of AbcPool.

  • connection_cls (aioredis.abc.AbcConnection) – Can be used to make pool instantiate custom connection classes. This argument must be a subclass of AbcConnection.

  • loop (EventLoop) – An optional event loop instance (uses asyncio.get_event_loop() if not specified).

Returns

Redis client (result of commands_factory call), Redis by default.

aioredis.Redis — Commands Mixins Reference

This section contains reference for mixins implementing Redis commands.

Descriptions are taken from docstrings so may not contain proper markup.

class aioredis.Redis(pool_or_conn)

High-level Redis interface.

Gathers in one place Redis commands implemented in mixins.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands/#connection

Parameters

pool_or_conn (AbcConnection) – Can be either RedisConnection or ConnectionsPool.

property address

Redis connection address (if applicable).

auth(password)

Authenticate to server.

This method wraps call to aioredis.RedisConnection.auth()

close()

Close client connections.

property closed

True if connection is closed.

property connection

Either aioredis.RedisConnection, or aioredis.ConnectionsPool instance.

property db

Currently selected db index.

echo(message, *, encoding=<object object>)

Echo the given string.

property encoding

Current set codec or None.

property in_transaction

Set to True when MULTI command was issued.

ping(message=<object object>, *, encoding=<object object>)

Ping the server.

Accept optional echo message.

quit()

Close the connection.

select(db)

Change the selected database.

Generic commands

class aioredis.commands.GenericCommandsMixin

Generic commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands/#generic

delete(key, *keys)

Delete a key.

dump(key)

Dump a key.

exists(key, *keys)

Check if key(s) exists.

Changed in version v0.2.9: Accept multiple keys; return type changed from bool to int.

expire(key, timeout)

Set a timeout on key.

if timeout is float it will be multiplied by 1000 coerced to int and passed to pexpire method.

Otherwise raises TypeError if timeout argument is not int.

expireat(key, timestamp)

Set expire timestamp on a key.

if timeout is float it will be multiplied by 1000 coerced to int and passed to pexpireat method.

Otherwise raises TypeError if timestamp argument is not int.

iscan(*, match=None, count=None)

Incrementally iterate the keys space using async for.

Usage example:

>>> async for key in redis.iscan(match='something*'):
...     print('Matched:', key)
keys(pattern, *, encoding=<object object>)

Returns all keys matching pattern.

migrate(host, port, key, dest_db, timeout, *, copy=False, replace=False)

Atomically transfer a key from a Redis instance to another one.

migrate_keys(host, port, keys, dest_db, timeout, *, copy=False, replace=False)

Atomically transfer keys from one Redis instance to another one.

Keys argument must be list/tuple of keys to migrate.

move(key, db)

Move key from currently selected database to specified destination.

Raises
object_encoding(key)

Returns the kind of internal representation used in order to store the value associated with a key (OBJECT ENCODING).

object_idletime(key)

Returns the number of seconds since the object is not requested by read or write operations (OBJECT IDLETIME).

object_refcount(key)

Returns the number of references of the value associated with the specified key (OBJECT REFCOUNT).

persist(key)

Remove the existing timeout on key.

pexpire(key, timeout)

Set a milliseconds timeout on key.

Raises

TypeError – if timeout is not int

pexpireat(key, timestamp)

Set expire timestamp on key, timestamp in milliseconds.

Raises

TypeError – if timeout is not int

pttl(key)

Returns time-to-live for a key, in milliseconds.

Special return values (starting with Redis 2.8):

  • command returns -2 if the key does not exist.

  • command returns -1 if the key exists but has no associated expire.

randomkey(*, encoding=<object object>)

Return a random key from the currently selected database.

rename(key, newkey)

Renames key to newkey.

Raises

ValueError – if key == newkey

renamenx(key, newkey)

Renames key to newkey only if newkey does not exist.

Raises

ValueError – if key == newkey

restore(key, ttl, value)

Creates a key associated with a value that is obtained via DUMP.

scan(cursor=0, match=None, count=None)

Incrementally iterate the keys space.

Usage example:

>>> match = 'something*'
>>> cur = b'0'
>>> while cur:
...     cur, keys = await redis.scan(cur, match=match)
...     for key in keys:
...         print('Matched:', key)
sort(key, *get_patterns, by=None, offset=None, count=None, asc=None, alpha=False, store=None)

Sort the elements in a list, set or sorted set.

touch(key, *keys)

Alters the last access time of a key(s).

Returns the number of keys that were touched.

ttl(key)

Returns time-to-live for a key, in seconds.

Special return values (starting with Redis 2.8): * command returns -2 if the key does not exist. * command returns -1 if the key exists but has no associated expire.

type(key)

Returns the string representation of the value’s type stored at key.

Delete a key asynchronously in another thread.

wait(numslaves, timeout)

Wait for the synchronous replication of all the write commands sent in the context of the current connection.

Geo commands

New in version v0.3.0.

class aioredis.commands.GeoCommandsMixin

Geo commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands#geo

geoadd(key, longitude, latitude, member, *args, **kwargs)

Add one or more geospatial items in the geospatial index represented using a sorted set.

Return type

int

geodist(key, member1, member2, unit='m')

Returns the distance between two members of a geospatial index.

Return type

list[float or None]

geohash(key, member, *members, **kwargs)

Returns members of a geospatial index as standard geohash strings.

Return type

list[str or bytes or None]

geopos(key, member, *members, **kwargs)

Returns longitude and latitude of members of a geospatial index.

Return type

list[GeoPoint or None]

georadius(key, longitude, latitude, radius, unit='m', *, with_dist=False, with_hash=False, with_coord=False, count=None, sort=None, encoding=<object object>)

Query a sorted set representing a geospatial index to fetch members matching a given maximum distance from a point.

Return value follows Redis convention:

  • if none of WITH* flags are set – list of strings returned:

    >>> await redis.georadius('Sicily', 15, 37, 200, 'km')
[b"Palermo", b"Catania"]

  • if any flag (or all) is set – list of named tuples returned:

    >>> await redis.georadius('Sicily', 15, 37, 200, 'km',
...                       with_dist=True)
[GeoMember(name=b"Palermo", dist=190.4424, hash=None, coord=None),
 GeoMember(name=b"Catania", dist=56.4413, hash=None, coord=None)]
Raises
Return type

list[str] or list[GeoMember]

georadiusbymember(key, member, radius, unit='m', *, with_dist=False, with_hash=False, with_coord=False, count=None, sort=None, encoding=<object object>)

Query a sorted set representing a geospatial index to fetch members matching a given maximum distance from a member.

Return value follows Redis convention:

  • if none of WITH* flags are set – list of strings returned:

    >>> await redis.georadiusbymember('Sicily', 'Palermo', 200, 'km')
[b"Palermo", b"Catania"]

  • if any flag (or all) is set – list of named tuples returned:

    >>> await redis.georadiusbymember('Sicily', 'Palermo', 200, 'km',
...                               with_dist=True)
[GeoMember(name=b"Palermo", dist=190.4424, hash=None, coord=None),
 GeoMember(name=b"Catania", dist=56.4413, hash=None, coord=None)]
Raises
Return type

list[str] or list[GeoMember]

Geo commands result wrappers

class aioredis.commands.GeoPoint(longitude, latitude)

Bases: tuple

Named tuple representing result returned by GEOPOS and GEORADIUS commands.

Parameters

  • longitude (float) – longitude value.

  • latitude (float) – latitude value.

class aioredis.commands.GeoMember(member, dist, hash, coord)

Bases: tuple

Named tuple representing result returned by GEORADIUS and GEORADIUSBYMEMBER commands.

Parameters

  • member (str or bytes) – Value of geo sorted set item;

  • dist (None or float) – Distance in units passed to call. None if with_dist was not set in georadius() call.

  • hash (None or int) – Geo-hash represented as number. None if with_hash was not in georadius() call.

  • coord (None or GeoPoint) – Coordinate of geospatial index member. None if with_coord was not set in georadius() call.

Strings commands

class aioredis.commands.StringCommandsMixin

String commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands/#string

append(key, value)

Append a value to key.

bitcount(key, start=None, end=None)

Count set bits in a string.

Raises

TypeError – if only start or end specified.

bitop_and(dest, key, *keys)

Perform bitwise AND operations between strings.

bitop_not(dest, key)

Perform bitwise NOT operations between strings.

bitop_or(dest, key, *keys)

Perform bitwise OR operations between strings.

bitop_xor(dest, key, *keys)

Perform bitwise XOR operations between strings.

bitpos(key, bit, start=None, end=None)

Find first bit set or clear in a string.

Raises

ValueError – if bit is not 0 or 1

decr(key)

Decrement the integer value of a key by one.

decrby(key, decrement)

Decrement the integer value of a key by the given number.

Raises

TypeError – if decrement is not int

get(key, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get the value of a key.

getbit(key, offset)

Returns the bit value at offset in the string value stored at key.

Raises
getrange(key, start, end, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get a substring of the string stored at a key.

Raises

TypeError – if start or end is not int

getset(key, value, *, encoding=<object object>)

Set the string value of a key and return its old value.

incr(key)

Increment the integer value of a key by one.

incrby(key, increment)

Increment the integer value of a key by the given amount.

Raises

TypeError – if increment is not int

incrbyfloat(key, increment)

Increment the float value of a key by the given amount.

Raises

TypeError – if increment is not int

mget(key, *keys, encoding=<object object>)

Get the values of all the given keys.

mset(*args)

Set multiple keys to multiple values or unpack dict to keys & values.

Raises

  • TypeError – if len of args is not event number

  • TypeError – if len of args equals 1 and it is not a dict

msetnx(key, value, *pairs)

Set multiple keys to multiple values, only if none of the keys exist.

Raises

TypeError – if len of pairs is not event number

psetex(key, milliseconds, value)

Set the value and expiration in milliseconds of a key.

Raises

TypeError – if milliseconds is not int

set(key, value, *, expire=0, pexpire=0, exist=None)

Set the string value of a key.

Raises

TypeError – if expire or pexpire is not int

setbit(key, offset, value)

Sets or clears the bit at offset in the string value stored at key.

Raises

  • TypeError – if offset is not int

  • ValueError – if offset is less than 0 or value is not 0 or 1

setex(key, seconds, value)

Set the value and expiration of a key.

If seconds is float it will be multiplied by 1000 coerced to int and passed to psetex method.

Raises

TypeError – if seconds is neither int nor float

setnx(key, value)

Set the value of a key, only if the key does not exist.

setrange(key, offset, value)

Overwrite part of a string at key starting at the specified offset.

Raises
strlen(key)

Get the length of the value stored in a key.

Hash commands

class aioredis.commands.HashCommandsMixin

Hash commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands#hash

hdel(key, field, *fields)

Delete one or more hash fields.

hexists(key, field)

Determine if hash field exists.

hget(key, field, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get the value of a hash field.

hgetall(key, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get all the fields and values in a hash.

hincrby(key, field, increment=1)

Increment the integer value of a hash field by the given number.

hincrbyfloat(key, field, increment=1.0)

Increment the float value of a hash field by the given number.

hkeys(key, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get all the fields in a hash.

hlen(key)

Get the number of fields in a hash.

hmget(key, field, *fields, encoding=<object object>)

Get the values of all the given fields.

hmset(key, field, value, *pairs)

Set multiple hash fields to multiple values.

hmset_dict(key, *args, **kwargs)

Set multiple hash fields to multiple values.

dict can be passed as first positional argument:

>>> await redis.hmset_dict(
...     'key', {'field1': 'value1', 'field2': 'value2'})

or keyword arguments can be used:

>>> await redis.hmset_dict(
...     'key', field1='value1', field2='value2')

or dict argument can be mixed with kwargs:

>>> await redis.hmset_dict(
...     'key', {'field1': 'value1'}, field2='value2')

Note

dict and kwargs not get mixed into single dictionary, if both specified and both have same key(s) – kwargs will win:

>>> await redis.hmset_dict('key', {'foo': 'bar'}, foo='baz')
>>> await redis.hget('key', 'foo', encoding='utf-8')
'baz'
hscan(key, cursor=0, match=None, count=None)

Incrementally iterate hash fields and associated values.

hset(key, field, value)

Set the string value of a hash field.

hsetnx(key, field, value)

Set the value of a hash field, only if the field does not exist.

hstrlen(key, field)

Get the length of the value of a hash field.

hvals(key, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get all the values in a hash.

ihscan(key, *, match=None, count=None)

Incrementally iterate sorted set items using async for.

Usage example:

>>> async for name, val in redis.ihscan(key, match='something*'):
...     print('Matched:', name, '->', val)

List commands

class aioredis.commands.ListCommandsMixin

List commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands#list

blpop(key, *keys, timeout=0, encoding=<object object>)

Remove and get the first element in a list, or block until one is available.

Raises
brpop(key, *keys, timeout=0, encoding=<object object>)

Remove and get the last element in a list, or block until one is available.

Raises
brpoplpush(sourcekey, destkey, timeout=0, encoding=<object object>)

Remove and get the last element in a list, or block until one is available.

Raises
lindex(key, index, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get an element from a list by its index.

Raises

TypeError – if index is not int

linsert(key, pivot, value, before=False)

Inserts value in the list stored at key either before or after the reference value pivot.

llen(key)

Returns the length of the list stored at key.

lpop(key, *, encoding=<object object>)

Removes and returns the first element of the list stored at key.

lpush(key, value, *values)

Insert all the specified values at the head of the list stored at key.

lpushx(key, value)

Inserts value at the head of the list stored at key, only if key already exists and holds a list.

lrange(key, start, stop, *, encoding=<object object>)

Returns the specified elements of the list stored at key.

Raises

TypeError – if start or stop is not int

lrem(key, count, value)

Removes the first count occurrences of elements equal to value from the list stored at key.

Raises

TypeError – if count is not int

lset(key, index, value)

Sets the list element at index to value.

Raises

TypeError – if index is not int

ltrim(key, start, stop)

Trim an existing list so that it will contain only the specified range of elements specified.

Raises

TypeError – if start or stop is not int

rpop(key, *, encoding=<object object>)

Removes and returns the last element of the list stored at key.

rpoplpush(sourcekey, destkey, *, encoding=<object object>)

Atomically returns and removes the last element (tail) of the list stored at source, and pushes the element at the first element (head) of the list stored at destination.

rpush(key, value, *values)

Insert all the specified values at the tail of the list stored at key.

rpushx(key, value)

Inserts value at the tail of the list stored at key, only if key already exists and holds a list.

Set commands

class aioredis.commands.SetCommandsMixin

Set commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands#set

isscan(key, *, match=None, count=None)

Incrementally iterate set elements using async for.

Usage example:

>>> async for val in redis.isscan(key, match='something*'):
...     print('Matched:', val)
sadd(key, member, *members)

Add one or more members to a set.

scard(key)

Get the number of members in a set.

sdiff(key, *keys)

Subtract multiple sets.

sdiffstore(destkey, key, *keys)

Subtract multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key.

sinter(key, *keys)

Intersect multiple sets.

sinterstore(destkey, key, *keys)

Intersect multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key.

sismember(key, member)

Determine if a given value is a member of a set.

smembers(key, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get all the members in a set.

smove(sourcekey, destkey, member)

Move a member from one set to another.

spop(key, count=None, *, encoding=<object object>)

Remove and return one or multiple random members from a set.

srandmember(key, count=None, *, encoding=<object object>)

Get one or multiple random members from a set.

srem(key, member, *members)

Remove one or more members from a set.

sscan(key, cursor=0, match=None, count=None)

Incrementally iterate Set elements.

sunion(key, *keys)

Add multiple sets.

sunionstore(destkey, key, *keys)

Add multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key.

Sorted Set commands

class aioredis.commands.SortedSetCommandsMixin

Sorted Sets commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands/#sorted_set

bzpopmax(key, *keys, timeout=0, encoding=<object object>)

Remove and get an element with the highest score in the sorted set, or block until one is available.

Raises
bzpopmin(key, *keys, timeout=0, encoding=<object object>)

Remove and get an element with the lowest score in the sorted set, or block until one is available.

Raises
izscan(key, *, match=None, count=None)

Incrementally iterate sorted set items using async for.

Usage example:

>>> async for val, score in redis.izscan(key, match='something*'):
...     print('Matched:', val, ':', score)
zadd(key, score, member, *pairs, exist=None, changed=False, incr=False)

Add one or more members to a sorted set or update its score.

Raises
zcard(key)

Get the number of members in a sorted set.

zcount(key, min=-inf, max=inf, *, exclude=None)

Count the members in a sorted set with scores within the given values.

Raises
zincrby(key, increment, member)

Increment the score of a member in a sorted set.

Raises

TypeError – increment is not float or int

zinterstore(destkey, key, *keys, with_weights=False, aggregate=None)

Intersect multiple sorted sets and store result in a new key.

Parameters

with_weights (bool) – when set to true each key must be a tuple in form of (key, weight)

zlexcount(key, min=b'-', max=b'+', include_min=True, include_max=True)

Count the number of members in a sorted set between a given lexicographical range.

Raises
zpopmax(key, count=None, *, encoding=<object object>)

Removes and returns up to count members with the highest scores in the sorted set stored at key.

Raises

TypeError – if count is not int

zpopmin(key, count=None, *, encoding=<object object>)

Removes and returns up to count members with the lowest scores in the sorted set stored at key.

Raises

TypeError – if count is not int

zrange(key, start=0, stop=-1, withscores=False, encoding=<object object>)

Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index.

Raises
zrangebylex(key, min=b'-', max=b'+', include_min=True, include_max=True, offset=None, count=None, encoding=<object object>)

Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range.

Raises
zrangebyscore(key, min=-inf, max=inf, withscores=False, offset=None, count=None, *, exclude=None, encoding=<object object>)

Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score.

Raises
zrank(key, member)

Determine the index of a member in a sorted set.

zrem(key, member, *members)

Remove one or more members from a sorted set.

zremrangebylex(key, min=b'-', max=b'+', include_min=True, include_max=True)

Remove all members in a sorted set between the given lexicographical range.

Raises
zremrangebyrank(key, start, stop)

Remove all members in a sorted set within the given indexes.

Raises
zremrangebyscore(key, min=-inf, max=inf, *, exclude=None)

Remove all members in a sorted set within the given scores.

Raises

TypeError – if min or max is not int or float

zrevrange(key, start, stop, withscores=False, encoding=<object object>)

Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index, with scores ordered from high to low.

Raises

TypeError – if start or stop is not int

zrevrangebylex(key, min=b'-', max=b'+', include_min=True, include_max=True, offset=None, count=None, encoding=<object object>)

Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range from high to low.

Raises
zrevrangebyscore(key, max=inf, min=-inf, *, exclude=None, withscores=False, offset=None, count=None, encoding=<object object>)

Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score, with scores ordered from high to low.

Raises
zrevrank(key, member)

Determine the index of a member in a sorted set, with scores ordered from high to low.

zscan(key, cursor=0, match=None, count=None)

Incrementally iterate sorted sets elements and associated scores.

zscore(key, member)

Get the score associated with the given member in a sorted set.

zunionstore(destkey, key, *keys, with_weights=False, aggregate=None)

Add multiple sorted sets and store result in a new key.

Server commands

class aioredis.commands.ServerCommandsMixin

Server commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands/#server

bgrewriteaof()

Asynchronously rewrite the append-only file.

bgsave()

Asynchronously save the dataset to disk.

client_getname(encoding=<object object>)

Get the current connection name.

client_kill()

Kill the connection of a client.

Warning

Not Implemented

client_list()

Get the list of client connections.

Returns list of ClientInfo named tuples.

client_pause(timeout)

Stop processing commands from clients for timeout milliseconds.

Raises
client_setname(name)

Set the current connection name.

command()

Get array of Redis commands.

command_count()

Get total number of Redis commands.

command_getkeys(command, *args, encoding='utf-8')

Extract keys given a full Redis command.

command_info(command, *commands)

Get array of specific Redis command details.

config_get(parameter='*')

Get the value of a configuration parameter(s).

If called without argument will return all parameters.

Raises

TypeError – if parameter is not string

config_resetstat()

Reset the stats returned by INFO.

config_rewrite()

Rewrite the configuration file with the in memory configuration.

config_set(parameter, value)

Set a configuration parameter to the given value.

dbsize()

Return the number of keys in the selected database.

debug_object(key)

Get debugging information about a key.

debug_segfault(key)

Make the server crash.

debug_sleep(timeout)

Suspend connection for timeout seconds.

flushall(async_op=False)

Remove all keys from all databases.

Parameters

async_op – lets the entire dataset to be freed asynchronously. Defaults to False

flushdb(async_op=False)

Remove all keys from the current database.

Parameters

async_op – lets a single database to be freed asynchronously. Defaults to False

info(section='default')

Get information and statistics about the server.

If called without argument will return default set of sections. For available sections, see http://redis.io/commands/INFO

Raises

ValueError – if section is invalid

lastsave()

Get the UNIX time stamp of the last successful save to disk.

monitor()

Listen for all requests received by the server in real time.

Warning

Will not be implemented for now.

role()

Return the role of the server instance.

Returns named tuples describing role of the instance. For fields information see http://redis.io/commands/role#output-format

save()

Synchronously save the dataset to disk.

shutdown(save=None)

Synchronously save the dataset to disk and then shut down the server.

slaveof(host, port=None)

Make the server a slave of another instance, or promote it as master.

Calling slaveof(None) will send SLAVEOF NO ONE.

Changed in version v0.2.6: slaveof() form deprecated in favour of explicit slaveof(None).

slowlog_get(length=None)

Returns the Redis slow queries log.

slowlog_len()

Returns length of Redis slow queries log.

slowlog_reset()

Resets Redis slow queries log.

sync()

Redis-server internal command used for replication.

time()

Return current server time.

HyperLogLog commands

class aioredis.commands.HyperLogLogCommandsMixin

HyperLogLog commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands#hyperloglog

pfadd(key, value, *values)

Adds the specified elements to the specified HyperLogLog.

pfcount(key, *keys)

Return the approximated cardinality of the set(s) observed by the HyperLogLog at key(s).

pfmerge(destkey, sourcekey, *sourcekeys)

Merge N different HyperLogLogs into a single one.

Transaction commands

class aioredis.commands.TransactionsCommandsMixin

Transaction commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands/#transactions

Transactions HOWTO:

>>> tr = redis.multi_exec()
>>> result_future1 = tr.incr('foo')
>>> result_future2 = tr.incr('bar')
>>> try:
...     result = await tr.execute()
... except MultiExecError:
...     pass    # check what happened
>>> result1 = await result_future1
>>> result2 = await result_future2
>>> assert result == [result1, result2]
multi_exec()

Returns MULTI/EXEC pipeline wrapper.

Usage:

>>> tr = redis.multi_exec()
>>> fut1 = tr.incr('foo')   # NO `await` as it will block forever!
>>> fut2 = tr.incr('bar')
>>> result = await tr.execute()
>>> result
[1, 1]
>>> await asyncio.gather(fut1, fut2)
[1, 1]
pipeline()

Returns Pipeline object to execute bulk of commands.

It is provided for convenience. Commands can be pipelined without it.

Example:

>>> pipe = redis.pipeline()
>>> fut1 = pipe.incr('foo') # NO `await` as it will block forever!
>>> fut2 = pipe.incr('bar')
>>> result = await pipe.execute()
>>> result
[1, 1]
>>> await asyncio.gather(fut1, fut2)
[1, 1]
>>> #
>>> # The same can be done without pipeline:
>>> #
>>> fut1 = redis.incr('foo')    # the 'INCRY foo' command already sent
>>> fut2 = redis.incr('bar')
>>> await asyncio.gather(fut1, fut2)
[2, 2]
unwatch()

Forget about all watched keys.

watch(key, *keys)

Watch the given keys to determine execution of the MULTI/EXEC block.

class aioredis.commands.Pipeline(connection, commands_factory=lambda conn: conn, *, loop=None)

Commands pipeline.

Buffers commands for execution in bulk.

This class implements __getattr__ method allowing to call methods on instance created with commands_factory.

Parameters
coroutine execute(*, return_exceptions=False)

Executes all buffered commands and returns result.

Any exception that is raised by any command is caught and raised later when processing results.

If return_exceptions is set to True then all collected errors are returned in resulting list otherwise single aioredis.PipelineError exception is raised (containing all collected errors).

Parameters

return_exceptions (bool) – Raise or return exceptions.

Raises

aioredis.PipelineError – Raised when any command caused error.

class aioredis.commands.MultiExec(connection, commands_factory=lambda conn: conn, *, loop=None)

Bases: Pipeline.

Multi/Exec pipeline wrapper.

See Pipeline for parameters description.

coroutine execute(*, return_exceptions=False)

Executes all buffered commands and returns result.

see Pipeline.execute() for details.

Parameters

return_exceptions (bool) – Raise or return exceptions.

Raises

Scripting commands

class aioredis.commands.ScriptingCommandsMixin

Set commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands#scripting

eval(script, keys=[], args=[])

Execute a Lua script server side.

evalsha(digest, keys=[], args=[])

Execute a Lua script server side by its SHA1 digest.

script_exists(digest, *digests)

Check existence of scripts in the script cache.

script_flush()

Remove all the scripts from the script cache.

script_kill()

Kill the script currently in execution.

script_load(script)

Load the specified Lua script into the script cache.

Server commands

class aioredis.commands.ServerCommandsMixin

Server commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands/#server

bgrewriteaof()

Asynchronously rewrite the append-only file.

bgsave()

Asynchronously save the dataset to disk.

client_getname(encoding=<object object>)

Get the current connection name.

client_kill()

Kill the connection of a client.

Warning

Not Implemented

client_list()

Get the list of client connections.

Returns list of ClientInfo named tuples.

client_pause(timeout)

Stop processing commands from clients for timeout milliseconds.

Raises
client_setname(name)

Set the current connection name.

command()

Get array of Redis commands.

command_count()

Get total number of Redis commands.

command_getkeys(command, *args, encoding='utf-8')

Extract keys given a full Redis command.

command_info(command, *commands)

Get array of specific Redis command details.

config_get(parameter='*')

Get the value of a configuration parameter(s).

If called without argument will return all parameters.

Raises

TypeError – if parameter is not string

config_resetstat()

Reset the stats returned by INFO.

config_rewrite()

Rewrite the configuration file with the in memory configuration.

config_set(parameter, value)

Set a configuration parameter to the given value.

dbsize()

Return the number of keys in the selected database.

debug_object(key)

Get debugging information about a key.

debug_segfault(key)

Make the server crash.

debug_sleep(timeout)

Suspend connection for timeout seconds.

flushall(async_op=False)

Remove all keys from all databases.

Parameters

async_op – lets the entire dataset to be freed asynchronously. Defaults to False

flushdb(async_op=False)

Remove all keys from the current database.

Parameters

async_op – lets a single database to be freed asynchronously. Defaults to False

info(section='default')

Get information and statistics about the server.

If called without argument will return default set of sections. For available sections, see http://redis.io/commands/INFO

Raises

ValueError – if section is invalid

lastsave()

Get the UNIX time stamp of the last successful save to disk.

monitor()

Listen for all requests received by the server in real time.

Warning

Will not be implemented for now.

role()

Return the role of the server instance.

Returns named tuples describing role of the instance. For fields information see http://redis.io/commands/role#output-format

save()

Synchronously save the dataset to disk.

shutdown(save=None)

Synchronously save the dataset to disk and then shut down the server.

slaveof(host, port=None)

Make the server a slave of another instance, or promote it as master.

Calling slaveof(None) will send SLAVEOF NO ONE.

Changed in version v0.2.6: slaveof() form deprecated in favour of explicit slaveof(None).

slowlog_get(length=None)

Returns the Redis slow queries log.

slowlog_len()

Returns length of Redis slow queries log.

slowlog_reset()

Resets Redis slow queries log.

sync()

Redis-server internal command used for replication.

time()

Return current server time.

Pub/Sub commands

Also see aioredis.Channel.

class aioredis.commands.PubSubCommandsMixin

Pub/Sub commands mixin.

For commands details see: http://redis.io/commands/#pubsub

property channels

Returns read-only channels dict.

See pubsub_channels

property in_pubsub

Indicates that connection is in PUB/SUB mode.

Provides the number of subscribed channels.

property patterns

Returns read-only patterns dict.

See pubsub_patterns

psubscribe(pattern, *patterns)

Switch connection to Pub/Sub mode and subscribe to specified patterns.

Arguments can be instances of Channel.

Returns asyncio.gather() coroutine which when done will return a list of subscribed Channel objects with is_pattern property set to True.

publish(channel, message)

Post a message to channel.

publish_json(channel, obj)

Post a JSON-encoded message to channel.

pubsub_channels(pattern=None)

Lists the currently active channels.

pubsub_numpat()

Returns the number of subscriptions to patterns.

pubsub_numsub(*channels)

Returns the number of subscribers for the specified channels.

punsubscribe(pattern, *patterns)

Unsubscribe from specific patterns.

Arguments can be instances of Channel.

subscribe(channel, *channels)

Switch connection to Pub/Sub mode and subscribe to specified channels.

Arguments can be instances of Channel.

Returns asyncio.gather() coroutine which when done will return a list of Channel objects.

unsubscribe(channel, *channels)

Unsubscribe from specific channels.

Arguments can be instances of Channel.

Cluster commands

Warning

Current release (1.3.0) of the library does not support Redis Cluster in a full manner. It provides only several API methods which may be changed in future.

Streams commands

class aioredis.commands.StreamCommandsMixin

Stream commands mixin

Streams are available in Redis since v5.0

xack(stream, group_name, id, *ids)

Acknowledge a message for a given consumer group

xadd(stream, fields, message_id=b'*', max_len=None, exact_len=False)

Add a message to a stream.

xclaim(stream, group_name, consumer_name, min_idle_time, id, *ids)

Claim a message for a given consumer

xdel(stream, id)

Removes the specified entries(IDs) from a stream

xgroup_create(stream, group_name, latest_id='$', mkstream=False)

Create a consumer group

xgroup_delconsumer(stream, group_name, consumer_name)

Delete a specific consumer from a group

xgroup_destroy(stream, group_name)

Delete a consumer group

xgroup_setid(stream, group_name, latest_id='$')

Set the latest ID for a consumer group

xinfo(stream)

Retrieve information about the given stream.

An alias for xinfo_stream()

xinfo_consumers(stream, group_name)

Retrieve consumers of a consumer group

xinfo_groups(stream)

Retrieve the consumer groups for a stream

xinfo_help()

Retrieve help regarding the XINFO sub-commands

xinfo_stream(stream)

Retrieve information about the given stream.

xlen(stream)

Returns the number of entries inside a stream

xpending(stream, group_name, start=None, stop=None, count=None, consumer=None)

Get information on pending messages for a stream

Returned data will vary depending on the presence (or not) of the start/stop/count parameters. For more details see: https://redis.io/commands/xpending

Raises

ValueError – if the start/stop/count parameters are only partially specified

xrange(stream, start='-', stop='+', count=None)

Retrieve messages from a stream.

xread(streams, timeout=0, count=None, latest_ids=None)

Perform a blocking read on the given stream

Raises

ValueError – if the length of streams and latest_ids do not match

xread_group(group_name, consumer_name, streams, timeout=0, count=None, latest_ids=None, no_ack=False)

Perform a blocking read on the given stream as part of a consumer group

Raises

ValueError – if the length of streams and latest_ids do not match

xrevrange(stream, start='+', stop='-', count=None)

Retrieve messages from a stream in reverse order.

xtrim(stream, max_len, exact_len=False)

trims the stream to a given number of items, evicting older items

aioredis.abc — Interfaces Reference

This module defines several abstract classes that must be used when implementing custom connection managers or other features.

class aioredis.abc.AbcConnection

Bases: abc.ABC

Abstract connection interface.

abstract property address

Connection address.

abstract close()

Perform connection(s) close and resources cleanup.

abstract property closed

Flag indicating if connection is closing or already closed.

abstract property db

Current selected DB index.

abstract property encoding

Current set connection codec.

abstract execute(command, *args, **kwargs)

Execute redis command.

abstract execute_pubsub(command, *args, **kwargs)

Execute Redis (p)subscribe/(p)unsubscribe commands.

abstract property in_pubsub

Returns number of subscribed channels.

Can be tested as bool indicating Pub/Sub mode state.

abstract property pubsub_channels

Read-only channels dict.

abstract property pubsub_patterns

Read-only patterns dict.

class aioredis.abc.AbcPool

Bases: aioredis.abc.AbcConnection

Abstract connections pool interface.

Inherited from AbcConnection so both have common interface for executing Redis commands.

abstract property address

Connection address or None.

abstract get_connection()

Gets free connection from pool in a sync way.

If no connection available — returns None.

abstract release(conn)

Releases connection to pool.

Parameters

conn (AbcConnection) – Owned connection to be released.

class aioredis.abc.AbcChannel

Bases: abc.ABC

Abstract Pub/Sub Channel interface.

abstract close(exc=None)

Marks Channel as closed, no more messages will be sent to it.

Called by RedisConnection when channel is unsubscribed or connection is closed.

abstract property is_active

Flag indicating that channel has unreceived messages and not marked as closed.

abstract property is_pattern

Boolean flag indicating if channel is pattern channel.

abstract property name

Encoded channel name or pattern.

abstract put_nowait(data)

Send data to channel.

Called by RedisConnection when new message received. For pattern subscriptions data will be a tuple of channel name and message itself.

aioredis.pubsub — Pub/Sub Tools Reference

Module provides a Pub/Sub listener interface implementing multi-producers, single-consumer queue pattern.

class aioredis.pubsub.Receiver(loop=None, on_close=None)

Multi-producers, single-consumer Pub/Sub queue.

Can be used in cases where a single consumer task must read messages from several different channels (where pattern subscriptions may not work well or channels can be added/removed dynamically).

Example use case:

>>> from aioredis.pubsub import Receiver
>>> from aioredis.abc import AbcChannel
>>> mpsc = Receiver(loop=loop)
>>> async def reader(mpsc):
...     async for channel, msg in mpsc.iter():
...         assert isinstance(channel, AbcChannel)
...         print("Got {!r} in channel {!r}".format(msg, channel))
>>> asyncio.ensure_future(reader(mpsc))
>>> await redis.subscribe(mpsc.channel('channel:1'),
...                       mpsc.channel('channel:3'))
...                       mpsc.channel('channel:5'))
>>> await redis.psubscribe(mpsc.pattern('hello'))
>>> # publishing 'Hello world' into 'hello-channel'
>>> # will print this message:
Got b'Hello world' in channel b'hello-channel'
>>> # when all is done:
>>> await redis.unsubscribe('channel:1', 'channel:3', 'channel:5')
>>> await redis.punsubscribe('hello')
>>> mpsc.stop()
>>> # any message received after stop() will be ignored.

Warning

Currently subscriptions implementation has few issues that will be solved eventually, but until then developer must be aware of the following:

  • Single Receiver instance can not be shared between two (or more) connections (or client instances) because any of them can close _Sender.

  • Several Receiver instances can not subscribe to the same channel or pattern. This is a flaw in subscription mode implementation: subsequent subscriptions to some channel always return first-created Channel object.

channel(name)

Create a channel.

Returns _Sender object implementing AbcChannel.

property channels

Read-only channels dict.

check_stop(channel, exc=None)

TBD

property is_active

Returns True if listener has any active subscription.

iter(*, encoding=None, decoder=None)

Returns async iterator.

Usage example:

>>> async for ch, msg in mpsc.iter():
...     print(ch, msg)
pattern(pattern)

Create a pattern channel.

Returns _Sender object implementing AbcChannel.

property patterns

Read-only patterns dict.

stop()

Stop receiving messages.

All new messages after this call will be ignored, so you must call unsubscribe before stopping this listener.

class aioredis.pubsub._Sender(receiver, name, is_pattern)

Write-Only Channel.

Does not allow direct .get() calls.

Bases: aioredis.abc.AbcChannel

Not to be used directly, returned by Receiver.channel() or Receiver.pattern() calls.

aioredis.sentinel — Sentinel Client Reference

This section contains reference for Redis Sentinel client.

Sample usage:

import aioredis

sentinel = await aioredis.create_sentinel(
   [('sentinel.host1', 26379), ('sentinel.host2', 26379)])

redis = sentinel.master_for('mymaster')
assert await redis.set('key', 'value')
assert await redis.get('key', encoding='utf-8') == 'value'

# redis client will reconnect/reconfigure automatically
#  by sentinel client instance

RedisSentinel

coroutine aioredis.sentinel.create_sentinel(sentinels, *, db=None, password=None, encoding=None, minsize=1, maxsize=10, ssl=None, parser=None, loop=None)

Creates Redis Sentinel client.

Parameters

  • sentinels (list[tuple]) – A list of Sentinel node addresses.

  • db (int) – Redis database index to select for every master/slave connections.

  • password (str or bytes or None) – Password to use if Redis server instance requires authorization.

  • encoding (str or None) – Codec to use for response decoding.

  • minsize (int) – Minimum number of connections (to master or slave) to initialize and keep in pool. Default is 1.

  • maxsize (int) – Maximum number of connections (to master or slave) that can be created in pool. Default is 10.

  • ssl (ssl.SSLContext or True or None) – SSL context that is passed through to asyncio.BaseEventLoop.create_connection().

  • parser (callable or None) – Protocol parser class. Can be used to set custom protocol reader; expected same interface as hiredis.Reader.

  • loop (EventLoop) – An optional event loop instance (uses asyncio.get_event_loop() if not specified).

Return type

RedisSentinel

class aioredis.sentinel.RedisSentinel

Redis Sentinel client.

The class provides interface to Redis Sentinel commands as well as few methods to acquire managed Redis clients, see below.

closed

True if client is closed.

master_for(name)

Get Redis client to named master. The client is instantiated with special connections pool which is controlled by SentinelPool. This method is not a coroutine.

Parameters

name (str) – Service name.

Return type

aioredis.Redis

slave_for(name)

Get Redis client to named slave. The client is instantiated with special connections pool which is controlled by SentinelPool. This method is not a coroutine.

Parameters

name (str) – Service name.

Return type

aioredis.Redis

execute(command, *args, **kwargs)

Execute Sentinel command. Every command is prefixed with SENTINEL automatically.

Return type

asyncio.Future

coroutine ping()

Send PING to Sentinel instance. Currently the ping command will be sent to first sentinel in pool, this may change in future.

master(name)

Returns a dictionary containing the specified master’s state. Please refer to Redis documentation for more info on returned data.

Return type

asyncio.Future

master_address(name)

Returns a (host, port) pair for the given service name.

Return type

asyncio.Future

masters()

Returns a list of dictionaries containing all masters’ states.

Return type

asyncio.Future

slaves(name)

Returns a list of slaves for the given service name.

Return type

asyncio.Future

sentinels(name)

Returns a list of Sentinels for the given service name.

Return type

asyncio.Future

monitor(name, ip, port, quorum)

Add a new master to be monitored by this Sentinel.

Parameters

  • name (str) – Service name.

  • ip (str) – New node’s IP address.

  • port (int) – Node’s TCP port.

  • quorum (int) – Sentinel quorum.

remove(name)

Remove a master from Sentinel’s monitoring.

Parameters

name (str) – Service name

set(name, option, value)

Set Sentinel monitoring parameter for a given master. Please refer to Redis documentation for more info on options.

Parameters

  • name (str) – Master’s name.

  • option (str) – Monitoring option name.

  • value (str) – Monitoring option value.

failover(name)

Force a failover of a named master.

Parameters

name (str) – Master’s name.

check_quorum(name)

Check if the current Sentinel configuration is able to reach the quorum needed to failover a master, and the majority needed to authorize the failover.

Parameters

name (str) – Master’s name.

close()

Close all opened connections.

coroutine wait_closed()

Wait until all connections are closed.

SentinelPool

Warning

This API has not yet stabilized and may change in future releases.

coroutine aioredis.sentinel.create_sentinel_pool(sentinels, *, db=None, password=None, encoding=None, minsize=1, maxsize=10, ssl=None, parser=None, loop=None)

Creates Sentinel connections pool.

class aioredis.sentinel.SentinelPool

Sentinel connections pool.

This pool manages both sentinel connections and Redis master/slave connections.

closed

True if pool and all connections are closed.

master_for(name)

Returns a managed connections pool for requested service name.

Parameters

name (str) – Service name.

Return type

ManagedPool

slave_for(name)

Returns a managed connections pool for requested service name.

Parameters

name (str) – Service name.

Return type

ManagedPool

execute(command, *args, **kwargs)

Execute Sentinel command.

coroutine discover(timeout=0.2)

Discover Sentinels and all monitored services within given timeout.

This will reset internal state of this pool.

coroutine discover_master(service, timeout)

Perform named master discovery.

Parameters

  • service (str) – Service name.

  • timeout (float) – Operation timeout

Return type

aioredis.RedisConnection

coroutine discover_slave(service, timeout)

Perform slave discovery.

Parameters

  • service (str) – Service name.

  • timeout (float) – Operation timeout

Return type

aioredis.RedisConnection

close()

Close all controlled connections (both to sentinel and redis).

coroutine wait_closed()

Wait until pool gets closed.

Examples of aioredis usage

Below is a list of examples from aioredis/examples (see for more).

Every example is a correct python program that can be executed.

Commands example

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    # Redis client bound to single connection (no auto reconnection).
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis(
        'redis://localhost')
    await redis.set('my-key', 'value')
    val = await redis.get('my-key')
    print(val)

    # gracefully closing underlying connection
    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()


async def redis_pool():
    # Redis client bound to pool of connections (auto-reconnecting).
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
        'redis://localhost')
    await redis.set('my-key', 'value')
    val = await redis.get('my-key')
    print(val)

    # gracefully closing underlying connection
    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())
    asyncio.run(redis_pool())

Transaction example

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis(
        'redis://localhost')
    await redis.delete('foo', 'bar')
    tr = redis.multi_exec()
    fut1 = tr.incr('foo')
    fut2 = tr.incr('bar')
    res = await tr.execute()
    res2 = await asyncio.gather(fut1, fut2)
    print(res)
    assert res == res2

    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())

Pub/Sub example

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def reader(ch):
    while (await ch.wait_message()):
        msg = await ch.get_json()
        print("Got Message:", msg)


async def main():
    pub = await aioredis.create_redis(
        'redis://localhost')
    sub = await aioredis.create_redis(
        'redis://localhost')
    res = await sub.subscribe('chan:1')
    ch1 = res[0]

    tsk = asyncio.ensure_future(reader(ch1))

    res = await pub.publish_json('chan:1', ["Hello", "world"])
    assert res == 1

    await sub.unsubscribe('chan:1')
    await tsk
    sub.close()
    pub.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())

Scan command example

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    """Scan command example."""
    redis = await aioredis.create_redis(
        'redis://localhost')

    await redis.mset('key:1', 'value1', 'key:2', 'value2')
    cur = b'0'  # set initial cursor to 0
    while cur:
        cur, keys = await redis.scan(cur, match='key:*')
        print("Iteration results:", keys)

    redis.close()
    await redis.wait_closed()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import os
    if 'redis_version:2.6' not in os.environ.get('REDIS_VERSION', ''):
        asyncio.run(main())

Sentinel client

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    sentinel_client = await aioredis.create_sentinel(
        [('localhost', 26379)])

    master_redis = sentinel_client.master_for('mymaster')
    info = await master_redis.role()
    print("Master role:", info)
    assert info.role == 'master'

    sentinel_client.close()
    await sentinel_client.wait_closed()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())

Low-level connection usage example

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    conn = await aioredis.create_connection(
        'redis://localhost', encoding='utf-8')

    ok = await conn.execute('set', 'my-key', 'some value')
    assert ok == 'OK', ok

    str_value = await conn.execute('get', 'my-key')
    raw_value = await conn.execute('get', 'my-key', encoding=None)
    assert str_value == 'some value'
    assert raw_value == b'some value'

    print('str value:', str_value)
    print('raw value:', raw_value)

    # optionally close connection
    conn.close()
    await conn.wait_closed()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())

Connections pool example

get source code

import asyncio
import aioredis


async def main():
    pool = await aioredis.create_pool(
        'redis://localhost',
        minsize=5, maxsize=10)
    with await pool as conn:    # low-level redis connection
        await conn.execute('set', 'my-key', 'value')
        val = await conn.execute('get', 'my-key')
    print('raw value:', val)
    pool.close()
    await pool.wait_closed()    # closing all open connections


if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())

Contributing

To start contributing you must read all the following.

First you must fork/clone repo from github:

$ git clone git@github.com:aio-libs/aioredis.git

Next, you should install all python dependencies, it is as easy as running single command:

$ make devel

this command will install:

  • sphinx for building documentation;

  • pytest for running tests;

  • flake8 for code linting;

  • and few other packages.

Make sure you have provided a towncrier note. Just add short description running following commands:

$ echo "Short description" > CHANGES/filename.type

This will create new file in CHANGES directory. Filename should consist of the ticket ID or other unique identifier. Five default types are:

  • .feature - signifying new feature

  • .bugfix - signifying a bug fix

  • .doc - documentation improvement

  • .removal - deprecation or removal of public API

  • .misc - a ticket has been closed, but not in interest of users

You can check if everything is correct by typing:

$ towncrier --draft

To produce the news file:

$ towncrier

Code style

Code must be pep8 compliant.

You can check it with following command:

$ make flake

Running tests

You can run tests in any of the following ways:

# will run tests in a verbose mode
$ make test
# or
$ pytest

# or with particular Redis server
$ pytest --redis-server=/usr/local/bin/redis-server tests/errors_test.py

# will run tests with coverage report
$ make cov
# or
$ pytest --cov

SSL tests

Running SSL tests requires following additional programs to be installed:

  • openssl – to generate test key and certificate;

  • socat – to make SSL proxy;

To install these on Ubuntu and generate test key & certificate run:

$ sudo apt-get install socat openssl
$ make certificate

Different Redis server versions

To run tests against different redises use --redis-server command line option:

$ pytest --redis-server=/path/to/custom/redis-server

UVLoop

To run tests with uvloop:

$ pip install uvloop
$ pytest --uvloop

Note

Until Python 3.5.2 EventLoop has no create_future method so aioredis won’t benefit from uvloop’s futures.

Writing tests

aioredis uses pytest tool.

Tests are located under /tests directory.

Fixtures

There is a number of fixtures that can be used to write tests:

loop

Current event loop used for test. This is a function-scope fixture. Using this fixture will always create new event loop and set global one to None.

def test_with_loop(loop):
    @asyncio.coroutine
    def do_something():
        pass
    loop.run_until_complete(do_something())
unused_port()

Finds and returns free TCP port.

def test_bind(unused_port):
    port = unused_port()
    assert 1024 < port <= 65535
coroutine create_connection(*args, **kw)

Wrapper around aioredis.create_connection(). Only difference is that it registers connection to be closed after test case, so you should not be worried about unclosed connections.

coroutine create_redis(*args, **kw)

Wrapper around aioredis.create_redis().

coroutine create_pool(*args, **kw)

Wrapper around aioredis.create_pool().

redis

Redis client instance.

pool

RedisPool instance.

server

Redis server instance info. Namedtuple with following properties:

name

server instance name.

port

Bind port.

unixsocket

Bind unixsocket path.

version

Redis server version tuple.

serverB

Second predefined Redis server instance info.

start_server(name)

Start Redis server instance. Redis instances are cached by name.

Returns

server info tuple, see server.

Return type

tuple

ssl_proxy(unsecure_port)

Start SSL proxy.

Parameters

unsecure_port (int) – Redis server instance port

Returns

secure_port and ssl_context pair

Return type

tuple

Helpers

aioredis have _testutils module with several helpers.

_testutils.redis_version(*version, reason)

Marks test with minimum redis version to run.

Example:

@redis_version(3, 2, 0, reason="HSTRLEN new in redis 3.2.0")
def test_hstrlen(redis):
    pass
_testutils.logs(logger, level=None)

Example:

import pytest

@pytest.mark.run_loop
async def test_logs(create_connection, server):
    with _testutils.logs('aioredis', 'DEBUG') as cm:
        conn = await create_connection(server.tcp_address)
    assert cm.output[0].startswith(
      'DEBUG:aioredis:Creating tcp connection')
_testutils.assert_almost_equal(first, second, places=None, msg=None, delta=None)

Adopted version of unittest.TestCase.assertAlmostEqual().

Migrating from v0.3 to v1.0

aioredis.create_pool

create_pool() now returns ConnectionsPool instead of RedisPool.

This means that pool now operates with RedisConnection objects and not Redis.

v0.3

 
pool = await aioredis.create_pool(('localhost', 6379))

with await pool as redis:
    # calling methods of Redis class
    await redis.lpush('list-key', 'item1', 'item2')

v1.0

 
pool = await aioredis.create_pool(('localhost', 6379))

with await pool as conn:
    # calling conn.lpush will raise AttributeError exception
    await conn.execute('lpush', 'list-key', 'item1', 'item2')

aioredis.create_reconnecting_redis

create_reconnecting_redis() has been dropped.

create_redis_pool() can be used instead of former function.

v0.3

 
redis = await aioredis.create_reconnecting_redis(
    ('localhost', 6379))

await redis.lpush('list-key', 'item1', 'item2')

v1.0

 
redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    ('localhost', 6379))

await redis.lpush('list-key', 'item1', 'item2')

create_redis_pool returns Redis initialized with ConnectionsPool which is responsible for reconnecting to server.

Also create_reconnecting_redis was patching the RedisConnection and breaking closed property (it was always True).

aioredis.Redis

Redis class now operates with objects implementing aioredis.abc.AbcConnection interface. RedisConnection and ConnectionsPool are both implementing AbcConnection so it is become possible to use same API when working with either single connection or connections pool.

v0.3

 
redis = await aioredis.create_redis(('localhost', 6379))
await redis.lpush('list-key', 'item1', 'item2')

pool = await aioredis.create_pool(('localhost', 6379))
redis = await pool.acquire()  # get Redis object
await redis.lpush('list-key', 'item1', 'item2')

v1.0

 
redis = await aioredis.create_redis(('localhost', 6379))
await redis.lpush('list-key', 'item1', 'item2')

redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(('localhost', 6379))
await redis.lpush('list-key', 'item1', 'item2')

Blocking operations and connection sharing

Current implementation of ConnectionsPool by default execute every command on random connection. The Pros of this is that it allowed implementing AbcConnection interface and hide pool inside Redis class, and also keep pipelining feature (like RedisConnection.execute). The Cons of this is that different tasks may use same connection and block it with some long-running command.

We can call it Shared Mode — commands are sent to random connections in pool without need to lock [connection]:

redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    ('localhost', 6379),
    minsize=1,
    maxsize=1)

async def task():
    # Shared mode
    await redis.set('key', 'val')

asyncio.ensure_future(task())
asyncio.ensure_future(task())
# Both tasks will send commands through same connection
# without acquiring (locking) it first.

Blocking operations (like blpop, brpop or long-running LUA scripts) in shared mode mode will block connection and thus may lead to whole program malfunction.

This blocking issue can be easily solved by using exclusive connection for such operations:

redis = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
    ('localhost', 6379),
    minsize=1,
    maxsize=1)

async def task():
   # Exclusive mode
   with await redis as r:
       await r.set('key', 'val')
asyncio.ensure_future(task())
asyncio.ensure_future(task())
# Both tasks will first acquire connection.

We can call this Exclusive Mode — context manager is used to acquire (lock) exclusive connection from pool and send all commands through it.

Note

This technique is similar to v0.3 pool usage:

# in aioredis v0.3
pool = await aioredis.create_pool(('localhost', 6379))
with await pool as redis:
    # Redis is bound to exclusive connection
    redis.set('key', 'val')

Sorted set commands return values

Sorted set commands (like zrange, zrevrange and others) that accept withscores argument now return list of tuples instead of plain list.

v0.3

 
redis = await aioredis.create_redis(('localhost', 6379))
await redis.zadd('zset-key', 1, 'one', 2, 'two')
res = await redis.zrange('zset-key', withscores=True)
assert res == [b'one', 1, b'two', 2]

# not an easy way to make a dict
it = iter(res)
assert dict(zip(it, it)) == {b'one': 1, b'two': 2}

v1.0

 
redis = await aioredis.create_redis(('localhost', 6379))
await redis.zadd('zset-key', 1, 'one', 2, 'two')
res = await redis.zrange('zset-key', withscores=True)
assert res == [(b'one', 1), (b'two', 2)]

# now its easier to make a dict of it
assert dict(res) == {b'one': 1, b'two': 2}

Hash hscan command now returns list of tuples

hscan updated to return a list of tuples instead of plain mixed key/value list.

v0.3

 
redis = await aioredis.create_redis(('localhost', 6379))
await redis.hmset('hash', 'one', 1, 'two', 2)
cur, data = await redis.hscan('hash')
assert data == [b'one', b'1', b'two', b'2']

# not an easy way to make a dict
it = iter(data)
assert dict(zip(it, it)) == {b'one': b'1', b'two': b'2'}

v1.0

 
redis = await aioredis.create_redis(('localhost', 6379))
await redis.hmset('hash', 'one', 1, 'two', 2)
cur, data = await redis.hscan('hash')
assert data == [(b'one', b'1'), (b'two', b'2')]

# now its easier to make a dict of it
assert dict(data) == {b'one': b'1': b'two': b'2'}

Releases

1.3.0 (2019-09-24)

Features

  • Added xdel and xtrim method which missed in commands/streams.py & also added unit test code for them (see #438);

  • Add count argument to spop command (see #485);

  • Add support for zpopmax and zpopmin redis commands (see #550);

  • Add towncrier: change notes are now stored in CHANGES.txt (see #576);

  • Type hints for the library (see #584);

  • A few additions to the sorted set commands:

    • the blocking pop commands: BZPOPMAX and BZPOPMIN

    • the CH and INCR options of the ZADD command

    (see #618);

  • Added no_ack parameter to xread_group streams method in commands/streams.py (see #625);

Bugfixes

  • Fix for sensitive logging (see #459);

  • Fix slow memory leak in wait_closed implementation (see #498);

  • Fix handling of instances were Redis returns null fields for a stream message (see #605);

Improved Documentation

  • Rewrite “Getting started” documentation. (see #641);

Misc

1.2.0 (2018-10-24)

NEW:

  • Implemented new Stream command support (see #299);

  • Reduce encode_command() cost about 60% (see #397);

FIX:

  • Fix pipeline commands buffering was causing multiple sendto syscalls (see #464 and #473);

  • Python 3.7 compatibility fixes (see #426);

  • Fix typos in documentation (see #400);

  • Fix INFO command result parsing (see #405);

  • Fix bug in ConnectionsPool._drop_closed method (see #461);

MISC:

  • Update dependencies versions;

  • Multiple tests improvements;

1.1.0 (2018-02-16)

NEW:

  • Implement new commands: wait, touch, swapdb, unlink (see #376);

  • Add async_op argument to flushall and flushdb commands (see #364, and #370);

FIX:

  • Important! Fix Sentinel sentinel client with pool minsize greater than 1 (see #380);

  • Fix SentinelPool.discover_timeout usage (see #379);

  • Fix Receiver hang on disconnect (see #354, and #366);

  • Fix an issue with subscribe/psubscribe with empty pool (see #351, and #355);

  • Fix an issue when StreamReader’s feed_data is called before set_parser (see #347);

MISC:

  • Update dependencies versions;

  • Multiple test fixes;

1.0.0 (2017-11-17)

NEW:

  • Important! Drop Python 3.3, 3.4 support; (see #321, #323 and #326);

  • Important! Connections pool has been refactored; now create_redis function will yield Redis instance instead of RedisPool (see #129);

  • Important! Change sorted set commands reply format: return list of tuples instead of plain list for commands accepting withscores argument (see #334);

  • Important! Change hscan command reply format: return list of tuples instead of mixed key-value list (see #335);

  • Implement Redis URI support as supported address argument value (see #322);

  • Dropped create_reconnecting_redis, create_redis_pool should be used instead;

  • Implement custom StreamReader (see #273);

  • Implement Sentinel support (see #181);

  • Implement pure-python parser (see #212);

  • Add migrate_keys command (see #187);

  • Add zrevrangebylex command (see #201);

  • Add command, command_count, command_getkeys and command_info commands (see #229);

  • Add ping support in pubsub connection (see #264);

  • Add exist parameter to zadd command (see #288);

  • Add MaxClientsError and implement ReplyError specialization (see #325);

  • Add encoding parameter to sorted set commands (see #289);

FIX:

  • Fix CancelledError in conn._reader_task (see #301);

  • Fix pending commands cancellation with CancelledError, use explicit exception instead of calling cancel() method (see #316);

  • Correct error message on Sentinel discovery of master/slave with password (see #327);

  • Fix bytearray support as command argument (see #329);

  • Fix critical bug in patched asyncio.Lock (see #256);

  • Fix Multi/Exec transaction canceled error (see #225);

  • Add missing arguments to create_redis and create_redis_pool;

  • Fix deprecation warning (see #191);

  • Make correct __aiter__() (see #192);

  • Backward compatibility fix for with (yield from pool) as conn: (see #205);

  • Fixed pubsub receiver stop() (see #211);

MISC:

  • Multiple test fixes;

  • Add PyPy3 to build matrix;

  • Update dependencies versions;

  • Add missing Python 3.6 classifier;

0.3.5 (2017-11-08)

FIX:

  • Fix for indistinguishable futures cancellation with asyncio.CancelledError (see #316), cherry-picked from master;

0.3.4 (2017-10-25)

FIX:

  • Fix time command result decoding when using connection-wide encoding setting (see #266);

0.3.3 (2017-06-30)

FIX:

  • Critical bug fixed in patched asyncio.Lock (see #256);

0.3.2 (2017-06-21)

NEW:

  • Added zrevrangebylex command (see #201), cherry-picked from master;

  • Add connection timeout (see #221), cherry-picked from master;

FIX:

  • Fixed pool close warning (see #239 and #236), cherry-picked from master;

  • Fixed asyncio Lock deadlock issue (see #231 and #241);

0.3.1 (2017-05-09)

FIX:

  • Fix pubsub Receiver missing iter() method (see #203);

0.3.0 (2017-01-11)

NEW:

  • Pub/Sub connection commands accept Channel instances (see #168);

  • Implement new Pub/Sub MPSC (multi-producers, single-consumer) Queue – aioredis.pubsub.Receiver (see #176);

  • Add aioredis.abc module providing abstract base classes defining interface for basic lib components; (see #176);

  • Implement Geo commands support (see #177 and #179);

FIX:

  • Minor tests fixes;

MISC:

  • Update examples and docs to use async/await syntax also keeping yield from examples for history (see #173);

  • Reflow Travis CI configuration; add Python 3.6 section (see #170);

  • Add AppVeyor integration to run tests on Windows (see #180);

  • Update multiple development requirements;

0.2.9 (2016-10-24)

NEW:

  • Allow multiple keys in EXISTS command (see #156 and #157);

FIX:

  • Close RedisPool when connection to Redis failed (see #136);

  • Add simple INFO command argument validation (see #140);

  • Remove invalid uses of next()

MISC:

  • Update devel.rst docs; update Pub/Sub Channel docs (cross-refs);

  • Update MANIFEST.in to include docs, examples and tests in source bundle;

0.2.8 (2016-07-22)

NEW:

  • Add hmset_dict command (see #130);

  • Add RedisConnection.address property;

  • RedisPool minsize/maxsize must not be None;

  • Implement close()/wait_closed()/closed interface for pool (see #128);

FIX:

  • Add test for hstrlen;

  • Test fixes

MISC:

  • Enable Redis 3.2.0 on Travis;

  • Add spell checking when building docs (see #132);

  • Documentation updated;

0.2.7 (2016-05-27)

  • create_pool() minsize default value changed to 1;

  • Fixed cancellation of wait_closed (see #118);

  • Fixed time() conversion to float (see #126);

  • Fixed hmset() method to return bool instead of b'OK' (see #126);

  • Fixed multi/exec + watch issue (changed watch variable was causing tr.execute() to fail) (see #121);

  • Replace asyncio.Future uses with utility method (get ready to Python 3.5.2 loop.create_future());

  • Tests switched from unittest to pytest (see #126);

  • Documentation updates;

0.2.6 (2016-03-30)

  • Fixed Multi/Exec transactions cancellation issue (see #110 and #114);

  • Fixed Pub/Sub subscribe concurrency issue (see #113 and #115);

  • Add SSL/TLS support (see #116);

  • aioredis.ConnectionClosedError raised in execute_pubsub as well (see #108);

  • Redis.slaveof() method signature changed: now to disable replication one should call redis.slaveof(None) instead of redis.slaveof();

  • More tests added;

0.2.5 (2016-03-02)

  • Close all Pub/Sub channels on connection close (see #88);

  • Add iter() method to aioredis.Channel allowing to use it with async for (see #89);

  • Inline code samples in docs made runnable and downloadable (see #92);

  • Python 3.5 examples converted to use async/await syntax (see #93);

  • Fix Multi/Exec to honor encoding parameter (see #94 and #97);

  • Add debug message in create_connection (see #90);

  • Replace asyncio.async calls with wrapper that respects asyncio version (see #101);

  • Use NODELAY option for TCP sockets (see #105);

  • New aioredis.ConnectionClosedError exception added. Raised if connection to Redis server is lost (see #108 and #109);

  • Fix RedisPool to close and drop connection in subscribe mode on release;

  • Fix aioredis.util.decode to recursively decode list responses;

  • More examples added and docs updated;

  • Add google groups link to README;

  • Bump year in LICENSE and docs;

0.2.4 (2015-10-13)

  • Python 3.5 async support:

    • New scan commands API (iscan, izscan, ihscan);

    • Pool made awaitable (allowing with await pool: ... and async with pool.get() as conn: constructs);

  • Fixed dropping closed connections from free pool (see #83);

  • Docs updated;

0.2.3 (2015-08-14)

  • Redis cluster support work in progress;

  • Fixed pool issue causing pool growth over max size & acquire call hangs (see #71);

  • info server command result parsing implemented;

  • Fixed behavior of util functions (see #70);

  • hstrlen command added;

  • Few fixes in examples;

  • Few fixes in documentation;

0.2.2 (2015-07-07)

  • Decoding data with encoding parameter now takes into account list (array) replies (see #68);

  • encoding parameter added to following commands:

    • generic commands: keys, randomkey;

    • hash commands: hgetall, hkeys, hmget, hvals;

    • list commands: blpop, brpop, brpoplpush, lindex, lpop, lrange, rpop, rpoplpush;

    • set commands: smembers, spop, srandmember;

    • string commands: getrange, getset, mget;

  • Backward incompatibility:

    ltrim command now returns bool value instead of ‘OK’;

  • Tests updated;

0.2.1 (2015-07-06)

  • Logging added (aioredis.log module);

  • Fixed issue with wait_message in pub/sub (see #66);

0.2.0 (2015-06-04)

  • Pub/Sub support added;

  • Fix in zrevrangebyscore command (see #62);

  • Fixes/tests/docs;

0.1.5 (2014-12-09)

  • AutoConnector added;

  • wait_closed method added for clean connections shutdown;

  • zscore command fixed;

  • Test fixes;

0.1.4 (2014-09-22)

  • Dropped following Redis methods – Redis.multi(), Redis.exec(), Redis.discard();

  • Redis.multi_exec hack’ish property removed;

  • Redis.multi_exec() method added;

  • High-level commands implemented:

    • generic commands (tests);

    • transactions commands (api stabilization).

  • Backward incompatibilities:

    • Following sorted set commands’ API changed:

      zcount, zrangebyscore, zremrangebyscore, zrevrangebyscore;

    • set string command’ API changed;

0.1.3 (2014-08-08)

  • RedisConnection.execute refactored to support commands pipelining (see #33);

  • Several fixes;

  • WIP on transactions and commands interface;

  • High-level commands implemented and tested:

    • hash commands;

    • hyperloglog commands;

    • set commands;

    • scripting commands;

    • string commands;

    • list commands;

0.1.2 (2014-07-31)

  • create_connection, create_pool, create_redis functions updated: db and password arguments made keyword-only (see #26);

  • Fixed transaction handling (see #32);

  • Response decoding (see #16);

0.1.1 (2014-07-07)

  • Transactions support (in connection, high-level commands have some issues);

  • Docs & tests updated.

0.1.0 (2014-06-24)

  • Initial release;

  • RedisConnection implemented;

  • RedisPool implemented;

  • Docs for RedisConnection & RedisPool;

  • WIP on high-level API.

Glossary

asyncio

Reference implementation of PEP 3156

See https://pypi.python.org/pypi/asyncio

error replies

Redis server replies that start with - (minus) char. Usually starts with -ERR.

hiredis

Python extension that wraps protocol parsing code in hiredis.

See https://pypi.python.org/pypi/hiredis

pytest

A mature full-featured Python testing tool. See http://pytest.org/latest/

uvloop

Is an ultra fast implementation of asyncio event loop on top of libuv. See https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop

Indices and tables